Hydroponics
Flowers, herbs, fruit and vegetables can be grown without soil. Hydroponics and aeroponics are modern, efficient growing methods, and you need only two things for it besides the plant itself - a growing medium and a nutrient solution.
Hydroponic growing media is usually inert, which means it doesn't contain organic or inorganic substances naturally found in substrates. The most commonly used media are coco, expanded clay pebbles (hydroton) and perlite. The plant gets all it needs from the nutrient solution, which is a mix of water and the nutrients a plant needs to grow.